Pigmentation in the skin is primarily caused by an uneven distribution of melanin, the pigment responsible for the colour of our skin, hair, and eyes. There are several factors that can contribute to the development of pigmentation irregularities:
- Sun Exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is one of the primary factors that triggers the production of melanin. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, melanin production increases as a natural defence mechanism to protect the skin from UV damage. Over time, excessive sun exposure can lead to the formation of sunspots, freckles, and uneven skin tone.
- Age: As we age, the production and distribution of melanin can become less uniform, leading to the development of age spots or liver spots.
- Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those occurring during pregnancy (melasma or "pregnancy mask"), menopause, and the use of birth control pills, can lead to changes in melanin production and distribution. This can result in the development of dark patches on the skin.
- Inflammatory Processes: Skin inflammation and injuries, such as acne, cuts, burns, or other trauma, can trigger an overproduction of melanin in the affected area. This often leads to dark spots or patches known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
- Skin Disorders: Certain skin conditions, such as vitiligo (loss of pigment) or hyperpigmentation disorders, can result in uneven pigmentation.
- Medications and Chemicals: Some medications, such as certain antibiotics, antipsychotics, and chemotherapy drugs, can cause skin pigmentation changes as a side effect. Exposure to certain chemicals, like those found in cosmetics or industrial products, can also lead to pigmentation irregularities.
It's important to note that pigmentation changes can be influenced by a combination of these factors. To effectively manage pigmentation concerns, it's advisable to take steps to protect your skin from excessive sun exposure and use appropriate skincare to reduce the underlying cause deep in the skin.
Using our Observ520X your aesthetician can take pictures to show you the hidden damage below your skin which may present as pigmentation as you age.
Laser and IPL treatments can significantly reduce the visible presentation of pigmentation on the surface of your skin, but for the best results your treatment plan will also include a skincare regime to address issues in the deeper layers of your skin.